Patterns of second primary malignancies in carcinoma larynx and hypopharynx following surgical management
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20213231Keywords:
Squamous cell carcinoma, Hypopharynx, Second primary malignancies, Loss of heterozygosityAbstract
Background: The objective was to determine the incidence of second primary in patients with squamous cell carcinoma larynx and hypopharynx following surgical management with or without adjuvant treatment.
Methods: A retrospective quantitative descriptive study was conducted on 289 patients who underwent surgical management of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of larynx and hypopharynx with or without adjuvant treatment and later developed second primary. This study comprised of patients undergoing treatment during the time period of January 2016 to January 2019 at the department of head and neck surgery, Kidwai institute of oncology.
Results: Second primary malignancies (SPM) developed in 3.1% of patients within a median follow up period of 28 months. Majority of the second primaries developed in patients with hypopharyngeal malignancy.
Conclusions: SPMs are amongst the leading causes of mortality in patients with SCC larynx and hypopharynx. Hence careful surveillance is essential for the early detection of a second primary.
References
Pelaz AC, Rodrigo JP, Suárez C, Nixon IJ, Mäkitie A, Sanabria A, et al. The risk of second primary tumors in head and neck cancer: a systemic review. Head Neck. 2020;42(3):456-66.
Xu LL, Gu KS. Clinical retrospective analysis of cases with multiple primary malignant neoplasms. Genet Mol Res. 2014;13(4):9271-84.
Birkeland AC, Rosko AJ, Chinn SB, Prince ME, Sun GH, Spector ME. Prevalence and outcomes of head and neck versus non head and neck second primary malignancies in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: an analysis of the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2016;78(2):61-9.
Ozdemir Y, Topkan E. Second primary malignancies in laryngeal carcinoma patients treated with definitive radiotherapy. Indian J Cancer. 2019;56(1):29-34.
Slaughter DP, Southwick HW, Smejkal W. Field cancerization in oral stratified squamous epithelium. Cancer. 1953;6(5):963-8.
Sirtori C, Leonardelli GB, Parolari P. Plurifocality of laryngeal cancer and significance of recurrence. Arch Ital Oto Rinol Laringol. 1963;74:483-98.
Ballantyne AJ. Principles of surgical management of cancer of the pharyngeal walls. Cancer. 1967;20(5):663-7.
Auerbach O, Stout AP, Hammond EC, Garfinkel L. Changes in bronchial epithelium in relation to cigarette smoking and in relation to lung cancer. New Engl J Med. 1961;265:253-67.
Incze J, Vaughan CW, Lui P, Strong MS, Kulapaditharom B. Premalignant changes in normal appearing epithelium in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract. Am J Surg. 1982;144(4):401-5.
Pirante AVM, Castilho EC, Kowalski LP. Second primary tumors in patients with head and neck cancer. Curr Oncol Rep. 2011;13(2):132-7.
Tabor BMP, Leemans CR, Waal IVD, Snow GB, Brakenhoff RH. Second primary tumors and field cancerization in oral and oropharyngeal cancer: molecular techniques provide new insights and definitions, molecular analysis of second primary tumours. Head Neck. 2002;24(2):198-206.
Warren S, Gates O. Multiple primary malignant tumours. A survey of the literature and a statistical study. Am J Cancer. 1932;16:1358-403.
Suresh A, Kuriakose MA, Mohanta S, Siddappa G. Contemporary oral oncology: Biology, epidemiology, etiology and prevention. Carcinogenesis and field cancerization in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Switzerland: Springer international publishing; 2017: 1-30.
Chuang SC, Scelo G, Tonita JM, Tamaro S, Jonasson JG, Kliewer EV, et al. Risk of second primary cancer among patients with head and neck cancers: a pooled analysis of 13 cancer registries. Int J Cancer. 2008;123(10):2390-6.
Haughey BH, Gates GA, Arfken CL, Harvey J. Meta-analysis of second malignant tumors in head and neck cancer: the case for an endoscopic screening protocol. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1992;101:105-12.
Panosetti E, Luboinski B, Mamelle G, Richard JM. Multiple synchronous and metachronous cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract: a nine-year study. Laryngoscope. 1989;99(12):1267-73.
Ng SP, Pollard C, Kamal M, Ayoub Z, Garden AS, Bahig H, et al. Risk of second primary malignancies in head and neck cancer patients treated with definitive radiotherapy. NPJ Precis Oncol. 2019;3:22.
Kuhlin B, Kramer B, Nefas V, Rotter N, Aderhold C. Indicators for secondary carcinoma in head and neck cancer patients following curative therapy: a retrospective clinical study. Mol Clin Oncol. 2020;12(5):403-410.
Jones AS, Morar P, Phillips DE, Field JK, Husband D, Helliwell TR, et al. Second primary tumors in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer. 1995;75(6):1343-53.
Rennemo E, Zätterström U, Boysen M. Impact of second primary tumors on survival in head and neck cancer: an analysis of 2,063 cases. Laryngoscope. 2008;118(8):1350-6.
Vikram B, Strong EW, Shah JP, Spiro R. Second malignant neoplasms in patients successfully treated with multimodality treatment for advanced head and neck cancer. Head Neck Surg. 1984;6(3):734-7.
Chu PY, Chang S, Huang J, Tai S, et al. Different patterns of second primary malignancy in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of larynx and hypopharynx. Am J Otolaryngol. 2010;31(3):168-74.
Chaudhary P, Gupta S, Leekha N, Tandon R, Nandy M, De S. Pattern of occurrence and treatment outcome of second primary malignancies: a single center experience. South Asian J Cancer. 2017;6(3):137-8.
Patrucco MS, Aramendi MV. Prognostic impact of second primary tumors in head and neck cancer. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016;273(7):1871-7.
Hujala K, Sipilä J, Grenman R. Panendoscopy and synchronous second primary tumors in head and neck cancer patients. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2005;262(1):17-20.
Leon X, Quer M, Diez S, Orús C, López-Pousa A, Burgués J. Second neoplasm in patients with head and neck cancer. Head Neck. 1999;21(3):204-10.
Schwartz LH, Ozsahin M, Zhang GN, Touboul E, Vataire FD, Andolenko P, et al. Synchronous and metachronous head and neck carcinomas. Cancer. 1994;74(7):1933-8.
León X, Venegas MDP, Orús C, López M, García J, Quer M. Influence of the persistence of tobacco and alcohol use in the appearance of second neoplasm in patients with head and neck cancer. A case-control study. Cancer Causes Control. 2009;20(5):645-52.
Morris LG, Sikora AG, Patel SG, Hayes RB, Ganly I. Second primary cancers after an index head and neck cancer: subsite-specific trends in the era of human papillomavirus associated oropharyngeal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29(6):739-46.
Li D, Yegya-Raman N, Kim S, Ganesan S, Sayan M, August D, et al. Multiple primary malignancies in patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma. J Gastrointest Oncol. 2018;9(5):853-7.
Al-Taei S, Banner R, Powell N, Evans M, Palaniappan N, Tabi Z, et al. Decreased HPV specific T cell responses and accumulation of immunosuppressive influences in oropharyngeal cancer patients following radical therapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2013;62(12):1821-30.
Gonzalez ABD, Curtis RE, Kry SF, Gilbert E, Lamart S, Berg CD, et al. Proportion of second cancers attributable to radiotherapy treatment in adults: A COHORT study in the US SEER cancer registries. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12(4):353-60.
Shaha A, Hoover E, Marti J, Krespi Y. Is routine triple endoscopy cost effective in head and neck cancer? Am J Surg. 1988;155(6):750-3.
Haerle SK, Strobel K, Hany TF, Sidler D, Stoeckli SJ. 18F-FDG-PET/CT versus panendoscopy for the detection of synchronous second primary tumors in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck. 2010;32(3):319-25.
Hashimoto CL, Iriya K, Baba ER, Navarro-Rodriguez T, Zerbini MC, Eisig JN, et al. Lugol’s dye spray chromoendoscopy establishes early diagnosis of oesophageal cancer in patients with head and neck cancer. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100(2):275-82.
Su H, Hsiao S, Hsu Y, Wang L, Yen H. Superiority of NBI endoscopy tp PET/CT scan in detecting esophageal cancer among head and neck cancer patients: a retrospective cohort analysis. BMC Cancer. 2020;20:69.
Strobel K, Haerle SK, Stoeckli SJ, Schrank M, Soyka JD, Veit-Haibach P, et al. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma detection of synchronous primaries with (18) F-FDG PET/CT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2009;36(6):919-27.
